ELLIPTIC SENTENCES ( Kalimat Majemuk Bertingkat )

Oleh : Drs. Tony Sartono Asmara

Kalimat yang terdiri dari Induk kalimat dan Anak Kalimat disebut Kalimat Majemuk Bertingkat. Apabila  subject pada  anak dan  induk kalimat sama, maka  subject  pada anak kalimat itu dapat dihilangkan. Ketentuannya adalah : 

            

a) apabila anak kalimatnya dalam bentuk aktip, kata kerjanya + ing.

    Contoh :

                        1. Adverb Clause of Condition ( type 1)

                        If you go by taxi, you'll get there faster

                        If going by taxi, you'll get there faster

b) apabila anak kalimatnya dalam bentuk pasip / nominal, hilangkan to be 

    pada anak kalimat tersebut.

    Contoh :

                        If he is given a reward, he will work hard

                        If given a reward, he will work hard

                        If you are tired, you can take a rest

                        If tired you can take a rest

Kalimat-kalimat majemuk bertingkat yang dapat disederhanakan seperti di atas adalah :

2.  Adverb Clause of Time ( Waktu )

    Ciri kata-kata sambungnya adalah :  after, before, when, while,since, until

    Contoh :

                        Before I go to school, I always have breakfast.

                        Before going to school, I always have breakfast

                        Before he was given a reward, he never worked hard

                        Before given a reward, he never worked hard

3. Adverb Clause of Concession ( Perlawanan )

   Ciri kata-kata sambungnya adalah : although, though, however

   Contoh :

                        Though he tried hard, he failed

                        Though trying hard, he failed

                        Although he was given a reward, he never worked hard

                        Although given a reward, he never worked hard

                        However rich he is, he never feels happy

                        However rich, he never feels happy

4. Adverb Clause of Reason ( Alasan )

   Ciri  kata   sambungnya  adalah : Because.  Jenis  kalimat  yang  dapat  

   disederhanakan  adalah  Nominal   atau  Pasif.  Caranya   ialah  dengan   

   menghilangkan   kata sambung   dan  subjectnya. Lalu to benya + ing 

   menjadi "Being"

   Contoh :

                        Because he was sick, he stayed at home    

                        Being sick, he stayed at home

                        Because he was tired, he took a rest

                        Being tired, he took a rest

                        Because he was given a reward, he worked hard

                        Being given a reward, he worked hard

5. Adverb Clause of Condition ( Syarat )

                      (type 2  &  3)

Ciri kata sambungnya adalah : if dan unless. Anak  kalimat ini  ada 3 tipe. Tipe 2 dan 3 disederhanakan dengan jalan menghilangkan  kata  sambungnya,  kemudian  kata  kerja  bantunya (were/had) dipindahkan ke depan kalimat.

Contoh :

                        If I were rich, I would go abroad

                        Were I rich, I would go a broad

                        If you had invited me, I would have come yesterday

                        Had you invited me, I would have come yesterday

6. Adjective Clause ( anak kalimat sebagai kata sifat )

Ciri kata-kata sambungnya adalah : who dan which (= yang). Dapat di sederhanakan  dengan  jalan  menghilangkan  kata sambungnya.  Bila  kalimatnya  aktip,  kata kerjanya + ing. Bila pasip, hilangkan to benya.

Contoh :

                        The boy who came here yesterday is Budi

                        The boy coming here yesterday is Budi

                        The man who was taken to the hospital yesterday is Mr Heri

                        The man taken to the hospital yesterday is Mr Heri

7. To

“to" dapat berdiri sendiri tanpa infinitive (V1) bila digunakan  untuk menghindari  pengulangan  terhadap kata kerja yang sudah  disebutkan   sebelumnya.  Biasanya   "to"  digunakan  setelah   kata-kata kerja :

Contoh :

                        You may stay here if you want to stay here

                        You may stay here if you want to

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