MODALS WITH PERFECT INFINITIVE

Oleh : Drs. Tony Sartono Asmara

Modals yang sudah dibahas menerangkan waktu Present (sekarang) dan Future (yang akan datang). Apabila menerangkan waktu Past (lampau), maka modals tersebut harus diikuti HAVE + V3 (Verbal) / been (Nominal). Artinya berbeda-beda tergantung dari modal yang digunakan. Berikut adalah penjelasan dari tiap-tiap modals.

Pengertian dari MODALS + Perfect Infinitive tersebut adalah sebagai berikut

1. COULD HAVE + PERFECT INFINITIVE

    Artinya :  dapat, bisa, mampu.

Digunakan  untuk  menerangkan  kemampuan  untuk melakukan sesuatu tetapi kesempatan yang ada untuk melakukan  hal  itu tidak  dipergunakan mungkin karena sesuatu hal sehingga tidak sempat.

      Contoh :

            I could have helped Nina do the homework last night

Kalimat ini mengandung pengertian bahwa yang berbicara yaitu (I) sebenarnya dapat membantu Nina mengerjakan pekerjaan rumah tadi malam tetapi kesempatan untuk memberikan bantuan itu tidak dipergunakan mungkin karena ada sesuatu hal yang mengakibatkan tidak jadinya memberikan bantuan itu.

2. CAN’T / COULDN’T + PERFECT INFINITIVE

    Artinya : tidak mungkin

    Contoh :

            You couldn’t have met Nina yesterday as she was still on holiday in 

            Bali

3. MUST HAVE + PERFECT INFINITIVE

    Artinya : pasti (sudah)

    Contoh :

            Nina must have got up at 6 o’clock yesterday as he had to catch the 

            first train

4. MAY / MIGHT HAVE + PERFECT INFINITIVE

    Artinya : mungkin sudah

    Contoh :

            He may have gone to bed at 10 o’clock last night but I am not sure.

    MAY kemungkinan terjadinya besar sekali, sedangkan MIGHT 

    kemungkinannya kecil sekali

5. MAYN’T / MIGHTN’T + PERFECT INFINITIVE

    Artinya : mungkin tidak / belum

    Contoh :

            He may not have done the homework last night, but I am not sure.

    ( Dia mungkin tidak / belum mengerjakan pekerjaan rumah tadi malam, tapi 

      saya tidak yakin )

6. SHOULD / OUGHT TO + PERFECT INFINITIVE

    Artinya : seharusnya sudah ( tapi tidak dilakukan )

    Contoh :

            The teacher punished him because he did not do the homework. He  

            should have done the homework last night

7. NEEDN’T HAVE + PERFECT INFINITIVE

   Artinya : tidak perlu ( tapi dilakukan )

   Contoh :

            You needn’t have gone to school yesterday because it was a holiday.

    Kalimat ini mengandung pengertian bahwa kamu pergi juga ke sekolah, 

    padahal tidak perlu karena libur.

8. DIDN’T NEED TO + INFINITIVE

    Artinya : tidak perlu ( tidak dilakukan )

    Contoh :

            You didn’t need to go to school yesterday because it was a holiday.

Kalimat-kalimat di atas adalah contoh dari penggunaan Modals yang tidak diikuti to be, yaitu kalimat active kelompok Simple. Berikut ini adalah Modals yang harus diikuti to be, yaitu :

A. Modals + Perfect infinitive

            1. Nominal   : Modals + have + been

            2. Passive   : Modals + have + been + V₃

B. Modals + Perfect Continuous

            1. Active       : Modals + have + been + V1 +ing

            2. Passive    : Modals + have + been + beeing + V₃

Contoh :

1. Nominal: Modals + have + been ( ada, berada, -)

    Nina couldn’t have been here yesterday. She must have been at 

    home because she was badly sick

2. Passive  : Modals + have + been + V₃ ( di )

                The car couldn’t have been repaired by John. It must have been 

                repaired by the mechanic

3. Active    : Modals + have + been + V₁ +ing (sedang me)

                John couldn’t have been studying last night. He must have been 

                sleeping.

4. Passive  : Modals + have + been + being + V₃ (sedang di)

                The car couldn’t have been being repaired by John yesterday. It 

                must have been being repaired by the mechanic.

UNGKAPAN YANG SAMA DENGAN MODALS

1. May / Might = Perhaps, Maybe, It is possible that …     ( Mungkin)

    Contoh :

            He may be sick now

            Perhaps he is sick now

            Maybe he is sick now

            It is possible that he is sick now

            He may have been sick yesterday

            Perhaps he was sick yesterday

            Maybe he was sick yesterday

            It is possible that he was sick yesterday

He may go to school on foot again

            Perhaps he goes to school on foot again

            Maybe he goes to school on foot again

            It is possible that he goes to school again

            He may have gone to school on foot yesterday

            Perhaps he went to school on foot yesterday

            Maybe he went to school on foot yesterday

            It is possible that he went to school on foot yesterday

atau :

            Perhaps he has gone to school on foot

            Maybe he has gone to school on foot

            It is possible that he has gone to school on foot

LATIHAN

TASK-1

Write the following sentences in English!

  1. Rudi tidak mungkin ada di sekolah tadi pagi

  2. Dia pasti ada di rumahnya tadi pagi

  3. Dia mungkin ada di garasinya tadi pagi

  4. Dia pasti sedang mencuci mobilnya di garasi tadi pagi

  5. Dia tidak mungkin sedang mencuci mobilnya sendirian

  6. Pembantunya pasti sedang membantunya tadi pagi

  7. Mobilnya mungkin tidak dicuci oleh Rudi minggu lalu

  8. Mobil itu tidak mungkin dicuci olehnya minggu lalu

  9. Mobil itu seharusnya dicuci olehnya minggu lalu

10. Rudi harus mencuci mobilnya sendiri minggu lalu

11. Pembantunya mungkin tidak ada di rumah minggu lalu

12. Mobilnya tidak perlu dicuci olehnya sendiri tadi pagi karena

      pembantunya ada di rumah tapi dia tidak tahu

TASK-2

Fill in with the correct modals with perfect infinitive

   1. The children were still watching television at 12 p.m. last night. They 

       ……………… late this morning (get up)

   2. So you needed some money yesterday. Why didn’t you asked me. I 

       ……………… you. (lend)

   3. John ……………… to your house yesterday. He was still in hospital.

       (come)

  4. They ……………… home late last night, but I am not so sure. (arrive)

  5. Why were The children still playing games at 11 p.m. last night? They 

      ……………… to bed.

  6. You ……………… to school yesterday. It was a holiday, you know! (go)

  7. Some of the students did not do well in the test yesterday. They 

      ……………… the lesson. (understand)

  8. Why was Rudi still at home at 7 a.m. this morning? He ……………… at 

      school very late. (arrive)

  9. I ……………… sugar in his tea this morning as I knew he didn’t like his tea 

      sweet. (put)

10. I have put some salt in the soup. You ……………… anymore salt.  Now 

      the soup is too salty.

11. So you couldn’t do the homework last night. Why didn’t you ask me for 

      help. I ……………… you. (help)

12. Doni ……………… here by motorcycle yesterday. He ……………… here

      on foot. He is afraid to ride a motor cycle, you know! (come)

13. Tina was absent from school yesterday. She ………….. but I am not 

      sure.(sick)

14. It took a long time to finish the test yesterday. The test ………….. (difficult)

15. Why didn’t you repair the car? The car ………….. by you yesterday.

      (repair)

16. The car ……………..….. by John yesterday. He knows nothing about cars 

      besides he is not a mechanic.(repair)

17. Rudi ……………..….. at 9 o’clock last night. His room was dark. (study)

18. Why was he sleeping? He ……………..….. (study)

19. He worked hard all day. He ……………..….. (tired)

20. The car wouldn’t start. It …………………..….. by the mechanic yesterday.

      (repair)

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