Oleh : Drs. Tony Sartono Asmara
Subjunctives adalah kata kerja. Bentuknya ada dua, yaitu :
1. Past Subjunctive
2.
Past Perfect Subjunctive
1. Past Subjunctive
Verbal Nominal
Positive : V2 were
Negative : did
not + V1 were not
Bentuk kata kerja ini tidak
menerangkan kejadian pada waktu lampau tetapi menerangkan kejadian yang berlawanan dengan kejadian sebenarnya
yang terjadi pada waktu Present
(sekarang) atau Future (yang akan
datang).
2. Past
Perfect Subjunctive
Verbal Nominal
Positive :
had + V3
had been
Negative : had
not + V3 had not
been
Bentuk kata kerja ini menerangkan
kejadian yang berlawanan dengan
kejadian sebenarnya yang terjadi pada waktu Past (lampau)
Bentuk kata kerja Subjunctives digunakan setelah :
1.
Wish ( kalau saja ) 3. Would rather ( lebih
suka)
2.
If only ( kalau saja, 4.
As if /As though (seolah-olah,
Seandainya ) seakan-akan, seperti )
Pola-polanya adalah sebagai
berikut :
1. S + wish + S + subjunctives + O + K
2. If only
+ S + subjunctives + O + K
3. S + would rather
+ S + subjunctives + O + K
4. S + V + (O)
+ as if / as though+
S + subjunctives + O + K
Contoh :
PRESENT ( VERBAL ) “WISH & IF ONLY”
Kalau saja dia pergi ke sekolah naik bus setiap
hari
I wish he went to school by bus every day
If only he went to school by bus every day
Kalau saja dia tidak pergi ke sekolah jalan kaki setiap hari
I wish he did not go to school on foot every day
If only he did not go to school on foot every day
Contoh :
PRESENT ( NOMINAL )
Kalau
saja dia sehat hari ini
I
wish he were healthy today
If only he were healthy today
Kalau saja dia tidak sakit hari ini
I wish he were not sick today
If only he were not sick today
PAST ( VERBAL )
Kalau saja dia pergi ke sekolah naik bus kemarin
I wish he had gone to school by bus yesterday
If
only he had gone to school by
bus yesterday
PAST ( VERBAL )
Kalau saja dia tidak
pergi ke sekolah jalan kaki kemarin
I wish he had not gone to school on foot
yesterday
If only he had not gone to school on foot yesterday
PAST ( NOMINAL )
Kalau saja dia sehat tadi
malam
I wish he had been healthy last night
If only he had been healthy last night
Kalau saja dia tidak sakit tadi malam
I wish he had not been sick last night
If only he had not been sick last night
PRESENT ( VERBAL ) “WOULD RATHER”
Saya lebih suka dia pergi ke sekolah naik bus setiap
hari
I
would rather he went to school by bus every day
Saya lebih suka dia tidak pergi ke sekolah jalan kaki setiaphari
I
would rather he did not go to school on foot every day
PRESENT ( NOMINAL )
Saya lebih suka dia berada di rumah di malam hari
I would rather he were at
home in the evening
Saya lebih suka dia tidak ada di kantor di malam
hari
I
would rather he were not at the office in the evening
PAST ( VERBAL )
Saya
lebih suka dia pergi ke sekolah naik
bus kemarin
I
would rather he had gone to school by bus yesterday
Saya lebih suka dia tidak pergi ke sekolah jalan kaki kemarin
I
would rather he had not gone to school on foot yesterday
PAST ( NOMINAL )
Saya lebih suka dia berada di rumah tadi malam
I would rather he had been
at home last night
Saya lebih suka dia tidak ada di kantor tadi
malam
I
would rather he had not been at the office last night
PRESENT ( VERBAL ) ”AS IF / AS THOUGH”
Dia kelihatannya seakan-akan dia suka
padamu
He
looks as if he liked you
Dia kelihatannya seakan-akan dia tidak
suka padamu
He
looks as though he did not like you
PRESENT ( NOMINAL )
Dia
kelihatannya seolah-olah dia takut
pada kadal
She
looks as though she were afraid of lizards
Dia kelihatannya seolah-olah dia tidak takut pada kadal
She
looks as if she were not afraid of lizards
PAST ( VERBAL )
Dia kelihatannya seakan-akan dia suka
padamu tadi malam
He
looked as if he had liked you last night
Dia kelihatannya seakan-akan dia tidak
suka padamu tadi malam
He
looked as though he had not liked you last night
PAST ( NOMINAL )
Dia
kelihatannya seolah-olah dia marah padamu kemarin
She
looked as though she had been angry with you yesterday
Dia kelihatannya seolah-olah dia tidak
marah padamu kemarin
She
looked as if she had not been angry with you yesterday
Subjuctives with Modals
Apabila kata kerja subjunctivenya
diawali dengan modals seperti can, may, shall, will dsb, maka bentuk kata
kerjanya menjadi :
Modals Verbal Nominal
Past Subjunctive : could
might +
V1
+ be
should
would
Past Perfect :
Subjunctive could
might + have + V3 + have + been
should
would
Contoh:
PRESENT
Kalau saja dia
dapat pergi naik mobil setiap hari
I wish he could go by car every day
Kalau saja dia dapat berada disini setiap
hari
I
wish he could be here every day
PAST
Kalau
saja dia dapat pergi naik mobil kemarin
I
wish he could have gone by car yesterday
Kalau saja dia dapat berada disini kemarin
I
wish he could have been here
yesterday
Real Meaning
(Arti sebenarnya )
Perhatikan
kalimat-kalimat berikut ini :
a. I wish John went to school
by bus every day
b. I wish
Mary recovered tomorrow
c. I wish
Bob were here now
Kata kerja Past Subjunctive menerangkan kejadian yang berlawanan dengan kejadian sebenarnya yang terjadi pada waktu Present / Future. Jadi arti sebenarnya dari kalimat-kalimat di atas adalah :
a. John
tidak pergi ke sekolah naik bus setiap hari
b. Mary
tidak akan sembuh besok
c. Bob tidak ada di sini sekarang
Perhatikan
kalimat-kalimat berikut ini :
a. I wish John had gone to
school by bus yesterday
b. I wish
Bob had been here last night
Kata kerja Past Perfect Subjunctive menerangkan kejadian yang berlawanan dengan kejadian sebenarnya
yang terjadi pada waktu Past
(
lampau ). Jadi arti sebenarnya dari
kalimat-kalimat di atas adalah :
a. John tidak pergi ke sekolah naik
bus kemarin
c. Bob tidak ada di sini tadi malam
Untuk mengungkapkan arti sebenarnya di dalam bahasa Inggris, khusus untuk
waktu Present, harus menggunakan bentuk kata kerja Simple Present Tense dan
untuk waktu Future harus menggunakan bentuk kata kerja Simple Future Tense. Bentuk
kata kerjanya adalah :
Verbal Nominal
Simple Present V1/V 1+s/es are,am,is
Tense do/does
+ not + V1 are,am,is + not
Simple Future shall/will + V1 shall/will + be
Tense shall/will
not + V1 shall/will not + be
Modals can, may + V1 can,
may + be
Untuk mengungkapkan arti
sebenarnya di dalam bahasa Inggris, khusus untuk waktu Past, harus menggunakan
bentuk kata kerja Simple Past Tense. Bentuk kata kerjanya adalah :
Verbal Nominal
Simple Past V2 was, were
Tense did
not + V1 was,
were + not
Modals could,might + V1 could,
might + be
Jadi arti
sebenarnya dari kalimat-kalimat di atas adalah :
I wish John went to school by bus every day
= John does
not go to school by bus eveery day
Jadi arti
sebenarnya dari kalimat-kalimat berikut adalah :
I wish Mary recovered tomorrow
= Mary will not recover tomorrow
I
wish Bob were here now
= Bob is not here now
I wish John could go to school by car every day
= John cannot go to school by car every day
I wish John had gone to
school by bus yesterday
= John did not go to school by bus
yesterday
I wish Bob had been here last night
= Bob was not here last night
I wish John could have gone to school by car
yesterday
= John could not go to school by bus yesterday
Kesimpulan 1:
1. Kata kerja PAST
SUBJUNCTIVE digunakan untuk menerang-
kan waktu :
PRESENT :
Verbal Nominal
Positive : V1/V1+s/es
are,am,is
Negative
: do/does
not + V1 are,am,is + not
2. Kata kerja PAST
PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE digunakan untuk
menerangkan waktu :
PAST :
Verbal Nominal
Positive : V2
was,were
Negative : did not + V1
was,were not been
Kesimpulan 2:
1. Untuk mengungkapkan kejadian waktu Present kita harus menggunakan
kata kerja :
PAST
SUBJUNCTIVE :
Verbal Nominal
Positive : V2 were
Negative : did not + V1 were + not
2. Untuk mengungkapkan kejadian waktu Past kita harus
menggunakan
bentuk kata kerja :
PAST PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE :
Verbal Nominal
Positive : had
+ V3 had been
Negative : had
not + V3 had + not been
Selamat
Belajar
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